Enterprise AI Governance: A Systematic Literature Review of Implementation and Risk Management Approaches

Abstract: This systematic literature review examines AI governance frameworks' evolution, implementation, and effectiveness in enterprise settings from 2004 to 2024. Through a comprehensive analysis of 42 peer-reviewed articles and research-based reports, this study investigates the transformation from traditional IT governance to AI-specific frameworks, focusing on implementation strategies, risk management approaches, and organizational change dynamics. The findings reveal significant technical, operational, and ethical challenges, particularly in regulatory compliance, stakeholder management, and organizational readiness. The research contributes to theory and practice by proposing an integrated governance framework that addresses the complex interplay between technical capabilities, risk management, and organizational transformation. The framework emphasizes phased implementation approaches, stakeholder engagement strategies, and industry-specific considerations while acknowledging regional variations in governance models. This study identifies current research and practice limitations, including methodological constraints, implementation challenges in resource-constrained environments, and the need for industry-specific adaptations. The paper concludes with actionable guidelines for practitioners. It identifies emerging research directions in enterprise AI governance, mainly focusing on resistance management, capability development, and the evolution of governance models in response to rapid technological advancement.

‍Keywords: AI governance frameworks, enterprise risk management, digital transformation, organizational change management, regulatory compliance, stakeholder engagement, technical capability development, systematic review, resistance management, comparative governance models, ethical AI implementation, organizational readiness, implementation strategies, regional frameworks, industry-specific governance, phased deployment, transformational leadership, governance evolution, risk assessment methodologies, strategic alignment